How Breastfeeding Protects Against Tooth Decay

This is a topic that has been bothering me since I had Aristotle…

When I was in dental school, we were told to discourage parents from night time bottle feeding because it leads to “nursing bottle tooth decay”. This happens because when your child falls asleep, the milk pools around the teeth. Since salivary flow slows down when you’re asleep, it can’t wash away the residual milk as easily. Bacteria then break down the milk sugars in the pooled milk around the teeth creating acid that dissolve the teeth and lead to the formation of cavities (tooth decay).

The assumption is that this happens regardless of whether your child takes formula or breastmilk. I can understand how formula milk causes tooth decay because a lot of milk formulas have added sugars. The question that has been on my mind is why would breastmilk – the first source of nutrition to a child intended by nature – have such a detrimental effect on their teeth? Especially when it has been found that night time breast milk is specially designed to make your baby sleep:

“melatonin, the sleep hormone, is undetectable in breastmilk during the day and peaks during the night”

“concentrations of sleep-inducing nucleotides to be stronger after dark than during the day”

The first tooth comes out on average at about 6 months and it is recommended that we breastfeed until our babies are at least 2 years old or more. Aristotle was nursing to sleep until about 3 years old. Hercules is 3 and he still nurses to sleep sometimes. In the primate world, some animals are nursing until 6 years.

If nature intended for babies and young children to consume milk before sleep, why would it serve something that would cause the teeth to decay? It makes no sense. It would be like evolutionary suicide.

It’s no coincidence that breastfed babies have less incidence of decay compared to formula-fed babies. Is it because of the method of delivery or is there something inherent in the breast milk that prevents decay? Well, it’s both.

Method of delivery: when a baby suckles directly from the breast, the milk enters the mouth behind the teeth and is swallowed. There is no pooling of milk in the mouth which can lead to tooth decay. If the baby falls asleep and stops suckling, the milk stops flowing. This suggests that it would actually be better to nurse directly from the breast at night rather than be bottle fed expressed breast milk. 

Breast Milk Properties: Breast milk contains lactoferrin which kills the bacteria that cause tooth decay.

“Before the use of the baby bottle, dental decay in baby teeth was rare. Two dentists, Dr. Brian Palmer and Dr. Harold Torney, have done extensive research on human skulls (from 500-1000 years ago) in their study of tooth decay in children. Of course these children were breastfed, probably for an extended length of time. Their research has led them to conclude that breastfeeding does not cause tooth decay.” – KellyMom

I thought it was also interesting to note that early studies were only the effects of lactose (the sugar in milk) on teeth, not on the effects of “complete” breastmilk on teeth.

So we can nurse our children to sleep without having to worry about causing their teeth to decay. And breastfeeding trumps again.

Further reading:


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Breastfeeding the Older Child is Normal!

It’s been a while since I have written about breastfeeding the older child and I thought it was time to champion the practice again because it seems the message is still failing to hit home. There are people who still think it’s weird and there are all kinds of misconceived notions that it is somehow perverted and that it creates psychological issues for these children. Probably the most disturbing part is that the people who think this are not ignorant or poorly educated. Some of them are even trained in health with medical knowledge. And if the people who should know better don’t know any better, then how can we expect the general population (the lay public) to know better?

Recently, I was at the pharmacy trying to buy some antihistamines. I told the pharmacist I was breastfeeding and was looking for either loratadine (Claritin) or cetirizine (Zyrtec). The pharmacist asked what I was using the antihistamines for and I said allergies. He then replied that was fine but if it was for cold and flu, it would be recommended that I stop breastfeeding. I was a bit surprised because there are very few reasons when a mother should stop breastfeeding and a cold or flu is not one of them. Here is a perfect example of misinformation regarding breastfeeding. It’s no wonder so many misconceptions about breastfeeding exist.

If you want to know anything and everything about breastfeeding and the do’s and don’ts, KellyMom is one of the few websites I trust completely.

I’m digressing… Breastfeeding a 3 year old is normal. Your child will not be psychologically scarred for life if you do. It is not weird or strange or even abnormal. I think the biggest irony is that we think it’s normal to feed our children cow’s milk but strange if they drink human milk after the first two years of life.

“It’s not perverted, it’s not sex, it’s not women doing it for some perverse need… It’s normal like a nine-month pregnancy is normal.” – Katherine Dettwyler, a professor of anthropology at the University of Delaware in Newark.

I wanted to write about breastfeeding the older child because I still get asked when I plan to wean my child. Isn’t it time? Isn’t he getting a bit old for it? Aren’t I worried that he’ll have psychological issues when he grows up because of his awareness? Personally, I find it offensive that I get asked these questions. I don’t ask another mother when she plans to stop feeding her child formula milk. That’s her family’s business – not mine. And why are people so concerned about my child’s psychological health because of a practice that should be considered normal and healthy?

Never has there been a parenting decision I have made that has been challenged as much as my decision to breastfeed my children. It started with the suggestion that I should keep a tin of formula milk in the house “just in case” I don’t have any breastmilk. It should be stated right now that it is a myth that some women don’t produce enough milk. The problem is lack of understanding about how breastfeeding works and lack of support for the new mother whose first experience with breastfeeding is her first baby.

The arguments with my decision to breastfeed continued with suggestions that Aristotle’s poor food consumption was due to the fact that he was still breastfeeding. And then when I was pregnant with Hercules, there was concern that continuing to nurse Aristotle would put my pregnancy at risk. It should be noted that it is safe to continue nursing while pregnant unless you have a high risk pregnancy.

After that, there was concern that Aristotle would consume all the milk leaving none for his baby brother if I persisted with tandem nursing (which is again false because there is enough milk for two). Through all this, I continued to breastfeed and everything was fine. Even after all this, I still get asked when I plan to wean Hercules. I grow weary playing the broken record.

Aristotle was breastfeeding until he was 3.5 years old (which in the natural world is actually considered early). Hercules will be 3 years old in November and he is still breastfeeding. I have no plans to wean him as yet. Why am I sharing this? So that other mothers who want to continue breastfeeding their “older” child might have some of the support that is lacking in our society. It is normal. We should not have to hide this fact like some dirty secret.

According to Katherine Dettwyler:

“It isn’t until age 5 or 6 that “95% of brain growth has been reached, and that’s also about the time that the child’s immune system is ramped up to full production.” In some primates, the natural weaning age is when the first adult molars appear (this is about 6 years old for humans).

You might also be interested to read:


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Breastfeeding Benefits: Fewer Behavioural Problems in Children

Just in case you thought there weren’t enough reasons to choose breastfeeding over formula feeding, here’s another reason to breastfeed for longer…

According to a study reported in the Archives of Disease in Childhood, breastfeeding is linked to fewer behavioural problems in childhood. They found that:

  • Babies who are breast-fed for at least four months are less likely to develop major behavior problems in childhood.
  • They’re also less likely to lie or steal or to be anxious or hyperactive.

Although there are limitations to the study since it relies on questionaires based on parents’ responses, the data was collected was from more than 10,000 infants born in 2000 and 2001 and the “researchers found that 16 percent of formula-fed children had developed behavior problems by age five, as compared to six percent of children who had been breast-fed.” If you can’t get access to the full publication on the Archives of Disease in Childhood, there are more details about the study on the University of Oxford.

As to exactly why breastfeeding reduces behaviour problems in childhood, researchers can only speculate that it might be due to:

  • the presence of certain fatty acids in breastmilk that help brain development
  • the close bond between mother and child that breastfeeding allows
  • the reduced likelihood of childhood illnesses in breastfed babies

Whatever the reason, the message is clear, “breast is best” and here are more articles on why Mums should breastfeed if they can:

And if you are pregnant with your first child and would like some tips on breastfeeding, here are 16 breastfeeding tips for first time mothers.

While we’re on the topic, I was rather appalled to read about the change in Evenflo’s ad campaign which is now designed to make mothers feel uncomfortable about breastfeeding and to portray breastfeeding as inconvenient and difficult. Personally, I thought pumping breastmilk was inconvenient and avoided it as much as possible.


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